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10.5/Nutrient Cycles
Water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle
8
05/30/2011

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Term
Water Cycle
 Definition
• Moves water from oceans  land  ocean
• Ocean  evaporation  wind  land  runoff  ocean
• Evaporation, rain, runoff, transpiration
• Picture on 254
Term
Transpiration
 Definition
• Loss of water vapor from parts of plants, especially leaves
• Water leaving as stoma are opened to allow CO2 in
• Kind of like sweating
Term
Carbon Cycle
 Definition
• Flow of carbon with different organisms, soil, and the atmosphere
• Respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition
• Combustion is adding more carbon into the atmosphere  excess
• Picture on 255
Term
Nitrogen Cycle
 Definition
• Moves nitrogen and nitrate around so plants can make proteins and organisms can live
• Most of earth’s nitrogen is unusable N2, plants use NO3- (nitrate)
• Picture on 256
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, decomposers
Term
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
 Definition
• In soil: N2  NH4+
• On roots of legumes: N2 directly  NO3-
Term
Nitrifying Bacteria
 Definition
• Converts NH4+ from nitrogen-fixing bacteria  NO2-  NO3-
Term
Dentrifying Bacteria
 Definition
• Converts some NO3- from nitrifying bacteria  N2  released into atmosphere
Term
Decomposers in the Nitrogen Cycle
 Definition
• Break down proteins in decaying organic matter  NH4+  nitrogen cycle