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1 Semester Exam: Bio
n/a
57
Biology
9th Grade
12/16/2009

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Term
What is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?
Definition
Atom
Term
The negation subatomic particle is the
Definition
electron
Term
Water is an example of a
Definition
compound
Term
What type of bond is formed whenever atoms share a pair of electrons?
Definition
covalent
Term
which organic molecules are the most common in cells?
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
How long does it take for half of the carbon 14 in a sample to decay into nitrogen 14?
Definition
5700 years
Term
Which term includes the other four:atoms, molecules, electrons elements, protons?
Definition
molecules
Term
carbon forms bonds with a maximum of how many other atoms?
Definition
4
Term
How do hydrophobic molecules react with water?
Definition
repelled by
Term
The positive subatomic particle is the
Definition
proton
Term
The neutral subatomic particle is the
Definition
neutron
Term
Which substance is NOT an element: Water oxygen, carbon, chlorine, hydrogen?
Definition
water
Term
a pH of 10 is how many times as basis as a pH of 7?
Definition
1,000
Term
Cellular pH is kept near a value of 7 due to the action of
Definition
buffers
Term
Fluid fulled sacs that may store food or water in cells are called
Definition
vacuoles
Term
the three most common atoms in your body are
Definition
hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon
Term
A--COOH group is a(n)______ group.
Definition
carboxyl
Term
the formation of large molecules from small subunits is known as what kind of reaction?
Definition
condensation
Term
Isotopes of the same element differ in the number of
Definition
neutrons
Term
These are the primary cellular sites for the production of ATP
Definition
chloroplast and the mitochondria
Term
These organelles contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP.
Definition
mitochondria
Term
During which phase of aerobic respiration is ATP produced directly by substrate - level phosphorylation?
Definition
The Krebs Cycle and glycolysis
Term
According to the first law of thermodynamics
Definition
the amount of the energy in the universe is constant, chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy, and whenever energy is transformed to another form, some is converted to heat.
Term
ATP acts as what type of agent in almost all metabolic pathways?
Definition
transfer
Term
ATP contains (two answers)
Definition
ribose, adenine
Term
Chlorophyll reflects (does not absorb) which color of light?
Definition
green
Term
Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?
Definition
in the thylakoids
Term
which of the following includes all of the others? : sucrose, glucose, cellulose, glycogen, carbohydrates
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from?
Definition
water
Term
ATP (4 part answer)
Definition
produced by photosynthesis. degradation of organic compound, generated in anaerobic respiration, released in aerobic respiration
Term
Which chemical has six carbon atoms?
Definition
glucose
Term
The atom that represents the greatest weight in the human body is
Definition
oxygen
Term
Which of the following can pass through the stomata?carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and water, carbon dioxide oxygen and water
Definition
carbon dioxide oxygen and water
Term
When the molecules are broken apart in respiration
Definition
the energy is released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP
Term
The greaest number of ATP molecules is produced in
Definition
the Krebs Cycle
Term
Before a glucose molecule can be broken down to release energy
Definition
two ATP molecules must phosphorylate the six carbon sugar.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
results in the production of the pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm
Term
How many ATP (Net yield)are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?
Definition
2
Term
The ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is
Definition
O2
Term
How many ATP's typically form during the third stage of respiration
Definition
32
Term
When a cell undergoes mitosis, the daughter cells must inherit
Definition
DNA, organelles, and cytoplasm
Term
Proteins associated with DNA in eukaryote are
Definition
histones
Term
Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?
Definition
sister
Term
The longest part of the cell cycle is usually
Definition
interphase
Term
Chromosomes are duplicated during which period?
Definition
Synthesis
Term
Cells with two sets of genetic info are described by the term
Definition
diploid
Term
The spindle apparatus is made of
Definition
micrtubules
Term
The nuclear envelope begins to break up in late
Definition
prophase
Term
The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during
Definition
metaphase
Term
The chromosomes detach from one another and become visibly seperated during
Definition
anaphase
Term
strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the
Definition
nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes
Term
What is the sequence for mitosis?
Definition
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Term
When ATP is released its energy, it forms
Definition
both ADP amd Pi
Term
Although it is too simple to an explanation, the concept of key fitting into a lock is descriptive of
Definition
regeneration of ATP and ADP
Term
The method of movement that requires the expenditure of ATP molecules is
Definition
active transport
Term
Plants need to carry on photosynthesis two things ___ and ___.
Definition
H20 and CO2
Term
Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as
Definition
Autotrophs
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