Shared Flashcard Set

Details

1/14
animals
56
Biology
Undergraduate 2
01/15/2014

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the 4 key evolutionary branch points?
Definition
1. symmetry
2. true tissues
3. coelom
4. embryonic development of a coelom
Term
what is a coelom?
Definition
a fluid filled space that separates the outer body wall from the digestive system
Term
approximately how many phyla of animals are there?
Definition
35
Term
what are the other words for phylum Porifera?
Definition
Calcarea and Silicea
Term
what are the 4 parts of Porifera? (sponges)
Definition
pores - let water in
osculum - opening at top of sponge
choanocytes - flagella move water in filter/feed system and take in food particles through phagocytosis
amoebocytes - engulf food
Term
what animals are in phylum Cnidaria?
Definition
hydras, jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
Term
what tissues do Cnidaria have and what does that mean?
Definition
only ectoderm and endoderm, no organs
Term
what kind of digestive system do Cnidaria have?
Definition
incomplete
Term
what are the 4 parts of an organism?
Definition
anterior - front
posterior - end
dorsal - top/back
ventral - stomach
Term
what is it called when there are 3 tissue layers?
Definition
triploblastic
Term
what is the phylum for flatworms?
Definition
Platyhelminthes
Term
what are the tissue layers in Platyhelminthes?
Definition
ecto meso and endo, no coelom
Term
what kind of digestive system do Platyhelminthes have?
Definition
incomplete
Term
why can Platyhelminthes have organs?
Definition
they have all 3 tissue layers
Term
what 2 big phyla have pseudocoeloms?
Definition
nematoda (roundworms) and rotifera (wheel bearing)
Term
what is an example of Nematoda?
Definition
Ascaris
Term
what is a unique feature of Rotifera?
Definition
reproduce through parthogenesis - all members are female and reproduce by laying clone eggs of themselves
Term
what kind of organs do Rotifera have?
Definition
well developed organs and an alimentary canal
Term
what is an alimentary canal?
Definition
canal that connects the jaws to the anus and maintains an orderly flow of nutrients
Term
what is Protostomes? Deuterostomes?
Definition
coelom formed from cell masses (mouth forms first)
coelom formed from digestive tubes (anus forms first)
Term
what is it called when a coelom comes from cell masses? Digestive tubes?
Definition
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
Term
what is the first phylum with true coeloms?
Definition
Annelida (segmented worms)
Term
why are true coeloms so important/advanced?
Definition
coelom lined by mesoderm allows for more muscle and faster/stronger digestion
Term
what is the segmentation of Annelida called?
Definition
metamerism
Term
what are the 3 the largest phylum of animals?
Definition
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Chordata
Term
how many species are in phyla arthropoda? what % of kingdom animalia does arthropoda account for?
Definition
1 million
80%
Term
what are 2 characteristics of arthropods?
Definition
jointed appendages
exoskeleton make of chitin
Term
what are the 4 major subphyla of arthropoda?
Definition
Cherliceroformes
Crustacea
Hexapoda
Myriapoda
Term
how many legs and antennae do animals in subphylum Cherlicerformes have? examples of cherliceroformes?
Definition
4 pairs legs
no antennae

horseshoe crab, scorpion, spiders, ticks, mites
Term
how many body parts and antennae do animals in subphylum Crustacea have? examples of crustacea?
Definition
2 body parts
2 pair antennae
Term
what are the 2 body parts of crustacea called?
Definition
cephalothorax and abdomen
Term
how many legs, body parts and antennae do animals in subphylum Hexapoda have? examples of Hexapoda?
Definition
3 pairs legs
3 body parts
1 pair antennae
Term
what % of arthropoda are in subphylum Hexapoda?
Definition
75%
Term
what kind of animals are in Myriapoda and what are there characteristics?
Definition
millipedes - herbivores, 2 pair legs per segment
centipedes - carnivores, 1 pair legs per segment
Term
what animals are in Phylum Echinodermata?
Definition
sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars
Term
what is the outer layer called on Echinodermates?
Definition
spiny skin
Term
what are 2 unique things about Echinodermata?
Definition
some have pentamerous radial symmetry
have a complex water vascular system (gas exchange/waste disposal)
Term
what are the 3 subphyla of Chordata?
Definition
Cephalochordata
Urochordata
Vertebrata
Term
what are the 4 characteristics of all Chordata?
Definition
dorsal nerve chord post anal tail notochord nerve chord pharyngeal gill slits
Term
what is the order of the 2 nerve chords and black line?
Definition
dorsal nerve chord
dotted black line
notochord nerve chord
Term
what is the order of the 7 classes of Vertebrata?
Definition
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptalia
Aves
Mammalia
Term
what are the 2 major members of Agnatha?
Definition
Hagfish (scavenger)
Lamprey (ectoparasitic)
Term
what advantage do Chondrichthyes have?
Definition
sharks, skates, rays have cartilage skeletons
they are fast and flexible
Term
what is the largest vertebrate class? examples?
Definition
Osteichthyes
eels, sea horses, tuna, etc
Term
what do many Osteichthyes have?
Definition
lateral line nerve system
Term
what are the 2 kinds of Osteichthyes?
Definition
ray finned and lobe finned
lobe finned (african lung fish) gave rise to amphibians
Term
what are some examples of Amphibians?
Definition
salamanders, frogs, Cacelians
Term
why are amphibians tied to water? (2 reasons)
Definition
cutaneous skin (for gas exchange)
egg must be fertilized in water (flagellated sperm)
Term
what kind of eggs do reptiles have?
Definition
cleidoic eggs - hard leathery shell
Term
what is the waterproofing agent on reptile's skin?
Definition
keratin
Term
why are reptiles still tied to water?
Definition
for reproduction
Term
what are 2 characteristics of Aves? (birds)
Definition
hollow bones
feathers with elaborate hook/barb system
Term
what are the 3 groups in subphylum mammalia?
Definition
Monotremes (platypus and Echidna)
Marsupials (Kangaroos, Koalas)
Euterians
Term
what do all mammals have?
Definition
fur/hair and mammory glands
Term
what animals are ectotherms? what is the definition of ectotherm?
Definition
Amphibians, reptiles, Osteichthyes
cannot control body temp
Term
what animals are endotherms? what is the definition of endotherm?
Definition
mammals and aves
can control body temp
Supporting users have an ad free experience!