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07 pharm
07 pharm
50
Accounting
Pre-School
04/22/2014

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Term
α Sympathetic Agonist
Definition
Mechanism: Release of Norepi from synaptic vesicle

Use: ADHD and Narcolepsy

Abuse and addiction: Schedule 2 (Ritalin and Adderall)
Dyskinesia, muscle tightness, bruxism
Term
Donepezil (Aricept)
Definition
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
SLUD response
Alzheimers
Term
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Definition
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Use: Alzheimer’s disease

Idea: Prolong acetylcholine half life in the brain
Term
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Definition
Parasympathetic antagonist
Antimuscarinic
Bronchodilation: Asthma and COPD
Term
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Definition
Antimuscarinic
Bronchodilation: prolonged T ½ used primarily in COPD
Term
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Definition
Antimuscarinic

Urinary: “antispasmodics” Contracts urinary sphincter muscles used in dysuria, urgency, incontinence
Term
Darifenacin (Enablex):
Definition
Antimuscarinic, parasympathetic antagonist
Urinary, antispasmotic M3 selective agent, less dry mouth and constipation
Term
NSAID contraindications :
max dose:
Definition
GI ulcers
renal insufficiency
CHF
dehydration

Max dosage 3.2g/day
Term
Acetaminophen contraindications/max dose
Definition
liver disease hepatitis alcoholism
4g/day (2.6g/day for kids)
Term
Opioid contraindication
Definition
impaired pulmonary function
head injuries (CO2 retention results in cerebral vasodilation)
endocrine disease (prolonged and exaggerated responses to opiates)
hepatic function impairment
seizure disorder
pregnancy
history of drug abuse and/or alcoholism
Term
Gabapentin (neurontin)
Definition
Inhibition of Ca channels

Indications:
Adjunct for treatment of partial seizures
management of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults

Neuropathic pain, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, postoperative pain, bipolar disorder, social phobia
Term
Pilocarpine contraindications
Definition
asthma, cardiovascular disease, ulcer
use with caution with COPD, parkinsons
Term
Coreg interacts with
Definition
Antagonist at β1 and α1 receptors
Term
NSAID contraindications/drug interactions
Definition
GI ulcers, Coumadin, Singulair, Angiotensin receptor antagonists "tan" increase renal toxicity of NSAIDS,

Decrease anti-HTN effects of Spironolactone, Thiazides, ACE inhibitors "pril", loop diuretics, beta blockers

GI ulcers
renal insufficiency
CHF
dehydration

Max dosage 3.2g/day
Term
ASA contraindications
Definition
ulcer, any hypocoagulation state, gout, influenza in children, and asthma.
Term
Acetaminophen contraindications
Definition
liver disease, hepatitis, and alcoholism.
4g/day max
2.6g/day for kids
Term
opioid contraindications
Definition
impaired pulmonary function, head injuries, endocrine disease, hepatic function impairment, seizure disorders, pregnancy, and a history of drug abuse or alcoholism

any drugs that depress CNS function, such as, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines, should be used cautiously with opiates to avoid the heightened risk of CNS depression.

Thiazide increase risk of orthostatic hypeotension
Term
Valsar"tan" (Diovan)
Definition
Angiotensin Receptor An"tan"gonist

Pharmacological Effects:
Inhibit vasoconstriction
Inhibit aldosterone secretion
Inhibit sodium retention
Term
Lisinopril (Zestril)
Definition
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
Term
Lisinopril (Zestril)
Definition
Indications: Hypertension, Heart failure, MI

Pharmacological Effects:, Decrease concentrations of ATII,
(vasodilation), Increase bradykinin (a vasodilator),
Decrease aldosterone
Term
NSAIDs AND aspirin inhibit anti-HTN effects of
Definition
ACE inhibitors "pril"
Term
ACE inhibitor adverse effects
Definition
Adverse Effects:
Altered or reduced taste sensation
Hypotension
Bradykinin by inhibiting its degradation-
(vasodilation and bronchoconstriction)
Cough in 20% of patients
Angioedema of the face and mouth (more common in African American patients)
Term
Valsartan (Diovan)
Definition
Indications: Heart Failure, Hypertension, MI, Prevention of stroke

Comparison to ACE Inhibitors
Less adverse rxns (cough and angioedema)
Less effective vasodilation
Term
Angiotensin receptor an"tan"gonist drug interactions
Definition
Increase in anti-HTN effect with fluconazole and ketoconazole
Increase renal toxicity with NSAIDs
Term
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Definition
α1 antagonist

α1 receptor blockade
smooth muscle relaxation
decrease in Total Peripheral Resistance
Term
"statin" MOA
Definition
inhibit HMG CoA reductase which is in the pathway of the production of cholesterol. This is done in the liver. As the liver starts to reduce the amount of cholesterol that it makes, the body will increase its expression of LDL receptors to help clear the cholesterol from the blood.
Term
HMG CoA adverse effects and interactions
Definition
Adverse Effects:
Rhabdomyolysis leading to kidney failure

Constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea

Drug Interactions:
EtOH increase levels and rhabdomyolysis

Erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole
contraindicated with Mevacor (Lovastatin)

used with caution in others because of increase chance of rhabdomyolysis.
Term
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Definition
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Mechanism: Selectively inhibits cholesterol uptake through a brush border protein (NPC1L1)

PCOL Effects
↓cholesterol absorption by 50%
↓LDL concentration in the plasma
↓cholesterol content of chylomicrons

Side Effects: Abdominal pain, diarrhea
Contraindicated in hepatic impairment
Term
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Definition
Sodium Channel inhibitor
Term
Topiramate (Topamax)
Definition
Sodium Channel inhibitor

adverse effects: Gingivitis, dysphagia, glossitis, gum hyperplasia, and xerostomia
Term
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Definition
Sodium Channel inhibitor
Term
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Definition
Sodium Channel inhibitor

Adverse effects: gingival hyperplasia (10-30 %, 50 % children), gingival bleeding
Term
Max epi dosage
Definition
0.04mg per procedure
Term
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) (Concerta)
Definition
α Sympathetic Agonist
Term
Amphetamine (Adderall)
Definition
α Sympathetic Agonist
Term
α Sympathetic Agonist
Definition
Mechanism: Release of Norepi from synaptic vesicle

Use: ADHD and Narcolepsy

Abuse and addiction: Schedule 2 (Ritalin and Adderall)
Dyskinesia, muscle tightness, bruxism
Term
Donepezil (Aricept)
Definition
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
SLUD response
Alzheimers
Term
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Definition
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Use: Alzheimer’s disease

Idea: Prolong acetylcholine half life in the brain
Term
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Definition
Parasympathetic antagonist
Antimuscarinic
Bronchodilation: Asthma and COPD
Term
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Definition
Antimuscarinic
Bronchodilation: prolonged T ½ used primarily in COPD
Term
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Definition
Antimuscarinic

Urinary: “antispasmodics” Contracts urinary sphincter muscles used in dysuria, urgency, incontinence
Term
Darifenacin (Enablex):
Definition
Antimuscarinic, parasympathetic antagonist
Urinary, antispasmotic M3 selective agent, less dry mouth and constipation
Term
NSAID contraindications :
max dose:
Definition
GI ulcers
renal insufficiency
CHF
dehydration

Max dosage 3.2g/day
Term
Acetaminophen contraindications/max dose
Definition
liver disease hepatitis alcoholism
4g/day (2.6g/day for kids)
Term
Opioid contraindication
Definition
impaired pulmonary function
head injuries (CO2 retention results in cerebral vasodilation)
endocrine disease (prolonged and exaggerated responses to opiates)
hepatic function impairment
seizure disorder
pregnancy
history of drug abuse and/or alcoholism
Term
Gabapentin (neurontin)
Definition
Inhibition of Ca channels

Indications:
Adjunct for treatment of partial seizures
management of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults

Neuropathic pain, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, postoperative pain, bipolar disorder, social phobia
Term
Pilocarpine contraindications
Definition
asthma, cardiovascular disease, ulcer
use with caution with COPD, parkinsons
Term
Coreg interacts with
Definition
Antagonist at β1 and α1 receptors
Term
NSAID contraindications/drug interactions
Definition
GI ulcers, Coumadin, Singulair, Angiotensin receptor antagonists "tan" increase renal toxicity of NSAIDS,

Decrease anti-HTN effects of Spironolactone, Thiazides, ACE inhibitors "pril", loop diuretics, beta blockers

GI ulcers
renal insufficiency
CHF
dehydration

Max dosage 3.2g/day
Term
ASA contraindications
Definition
ulcer, any hypocoagulation state, gout, influenza in children, and asthma.
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