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02.10.15
Class Notes
33
Psychology
Graduate
02/24/2015

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Term
M-CHAT-R
Definition
A Screening tool; a way for pediatricians to begin to identify children and toddlers who might be at risk for Autism.
• Looks for milestones, development not progressing as it ought to, markers and warning signs.
• Original published in 2001
o 1076 Screened, 30/44 received diagnosis (“hit rate”)
o Considered to have a high false positive
• It’s better to have a high false positive than a high false negative || “Better safe than Sorry”
Term
Two-Stage Parent Report
Definition
(M-CHAT-R)
Not based on any direct observation of the pediatrician
Indirect Assessment – The person gathering the information does not have direct contact with the behavior of interest.
• There are limitations and problems with indirect assessments
Term
Risk of Autism
Definition
(M-CHAT-R)
associated with "No Response to all items except 2.5 & 12.
Term
Degree of Risk
Definition
(M-CHAT-R)
o 0-2 failed items = “low risk”
o 3-7 failed items = “medium risk” (necessary follow-up)
o 8 + failed items = “high risk” (referral for diagnostic evaluation)
Term
Diagnostic Tools
Definition
ADI-R & ADOS
Term
ADI-R
Definition
Autism Diagnostic Interview, Indirect Interview
Term
ADOS
Definition
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Direct Assessment
Term
psychodynamic and psychoanalytic
Definition
o The predominant perspective was _____ || Sigmund Freud
• A model that suggests that early childhood traumas serve the impetus for later disorder.
• Relies a lot on talking and conveying what those childhood traumas were.
Term
Childhood Schizophrenia
Definition
o Belief that Autism was a form a _____
• JADD was originally titled Journal of Autism and ______
Term
psychogenic disorder
Definition
Belief that Autism was a ______ (not organic); it was a psychological disorder
Term
Refrigerator Mother
Definition
Bruno Bettleheim steeped in psychodynamic model and made popular the phrase the _____.
• Infants developing normally would withdraw into an autistic state because they received a lack of maternal love
 Became the accepted theory in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s
Term
Bruno Bettleheim
Definition
Founded the Orthogenic School in Chicago and reported a recovery rate of ~85%
 Suicide, 1990
 Posthumously, all of his data was debunked and it was discovered that they was completely fabricated
Term
Leo Kanner
Definition
_____ was the first to use the word “Autism” and included strains of this idea in his paper.
Term
Bernard Rimland
Definition
_____ sought to refute predominant theories of the time, including the idea of the Refrigerator Mother
Term
Infantile Autism
Definition
Rimland proposed the idea _____ (1964)
 Proposed that Autism was biological in nature and that it was a neurological disorder.
• He was beginning to foster and promote science and the scientific method in terms of studying and treating Autism.
Term
Autism Society of America (ASA)
Definition
Bernard Rimland Founded the _____ in 1965
 Advocating for parents, teaching them were to get resources, teaching them about the diagnosis
Term
Autism Research Institute (ARI)
Definition
Bernard Rimland founded the _____ in 1967
 To study biomedical approaches to intervention.
Term
Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC)
Definition
Lends itself to bias that is associated with Indirect Measures, (comes out of the ARI)
Term
Monozygotic, Mz
Definition
100% shared genetic material, shared placenta
Term
Dizygotic, Dz
Definition
50% shared genetic material, different placenta
Term
Concordance Rate
Definition
The extent to which if one sibling has autism, the other sibling has autism.

(1977)
o 0/11 Dz
o 4/10 Mz (40% Concordance)

(1995)
o 0/11 Dz
o 11/17 Mz
Term
Secretin
Definition
An intervention called _____ (used to treat GI problems)
 Helped a child with true GI problems, but not found to be helpful in general
Term
etiologies
Definition
The most common and prevailing logic is that there are many forms of Autism, but nobody can tell them apart and, therefore, they each have many different _____.
Term
60s & 70s
Definition
Medication & LSD
o Decreased hallucinations/ bizarre speech
o Elevated mood
o Decreased Ritualistic Behavior & Stereotypy
o Increased interaction with others
Term
Behavior Modification
Definition
shock & aversive stimulation
o distinguished from Behavior Analysis
o Behavior Modification was simply about changing behavior and not understanding it
Term
Institutionalization
Definition
Starts out in around the 1850s as a Humanitarian effort to help people in need
Term
75
Definition
1880s: ~_____ state funded hospitals across the nation
• US Census (1850) - ~15,000 people with MR
• US Census (1880) - ~95,000 people with MR
Term
Robert Kennedy
Definition
1966: ____ exposed Institutional conditions of neglect and psychological abuse
Term
Geraldo Rivera
Definition
1972: famous exposé on Willowbrook
opened in 1952
capacity of 2000
in 1960s house ~6000 patients
Term
Deinstitutionalization Movement
Definition
Whole groups of children and adults coming out of institutions and being sent home
• Schools and other forms of community based treatment centers pick up the responsibilities of treating this group.
• This sets the stage for the proliferation of treatment options.
Term
IDEA
Definition
o 1975: PL 94-142
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Term
Katie Beckett Waiver
Definition
1981: _____
• Allocated resources for treatment
• Now called the Medicaid Waiver
• This is how many programs are funded for people with disabilities
Term
Beta-Blockers
Definition
treat self-injurious behavior
 Based on the idea that self-injurious behavior causes tissue damage/pain and causes the body to produce opiates (naturally occurring painkillers)
• Beta endorphins dull pain
 By blocking the beta endorphin then it would lead to a decrease in self-injurious behavior because it was no longer being maintained by beta endorphin.
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