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002 Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances
Vocab for Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances
37
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
05/18/2013

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Term
Acidosis
Definition
An increase in acidity of the blood
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
Hormone produced and released by adrenal cortex that controls reabsorption of sodium and water by kidneys
Term
Alkalosis
Definition
Refers to a reduced amount of hydrogen ions in the arterial blood, increasing the pH above 7.45
Term
Anitdiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)
Definition
Hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys
Term
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Definition
Produced and released by myocardial cells; involved in homeostatic control of water, sodium, and potassium levels
Term
Buffer
Definition
A solution in which adding small amounts of acid or base will not measurably change the pH
Term
Diuretics
Definition
Drug that causes increased excretion of water through the kidneys and urine production
Term
Dysrhythmia
Definition
An abnormal cardiac rhythm
Term
Edema
Definition
Swelling caused by movement of protein and fluid into the interstitial space
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
A solute that produces ions in solution
Term
Extracellular fluid compartment
Definition
Fluid-filled space outside of the cell's plasma membrane (surrounding the cells)
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Volume percent of blood cells in whole blood
Term
Histamine
Definition
Chemical released by mast cells and basophils; triggers inflammatory response by dilating capillaries and increasing membrane permeability in injured area
Term
Hydrostatic pressure
Definition
Force created by a fluid pushing against a surface
Term
Hypercalcemia
Definition
A high calcium level in the blood
Term
Hyperkalemia
Definition
High serum potassium levels
Term
Hypernatremia
Definition
Excess or high sodium levels in the blood
Term
Hyperparathyroidism
Definition
Condition involving excessive production of parathyroid hormones
Term
Hypervolemia
Definition
Expanded or excess blood volume
Term
Hypocalcemia
Definition
Refers to conditions where serum calcium levels fall below the norm
Term
Hypokalemia
Definition
Low serum potassium levels
Term
Hyponatremia
Definition
Deficient or low sodium levels in the blood
Term
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Decrease in production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Structure in the central part of the brain. Key role is to maintain homeostasis and control the autonomic nervous system and much of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland
Term
Hypovolemia
Definition
Decreased blood volume
Term
Infection
Definition
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms or parasites in body tissue
Term
Inflammatory response
Definition
A body's response to a sequence of events intended to limit the effects of injury or a dangerous agent
Term
Intracellular fluid compartment
Definition
Fluid-filled space within the plasma membrane of the cells
Term
Ketoacidosis
Definition
Excessive amounts of ketones in the blood
Term
Metabolic acidosis
Definition
Can result from increased production of metabolic acids or inability to excrete acids
Term
Osmoreceptors
Definition
Receptors in hypothalamus that are stimulated by increased osmolality of extracellular fluid
Term
Osmotic Pressure
Definition
Pressure created by movement of water from a higher to lower concentration, usually across a membrane, to achieve equilibrium
Term
Paresthesia
Definition
A prickly, tingling sensation
Term
pH
Definition
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Term
Pitting edema
Definition
Edema in which a depression, or pit, remains after pressure is applied to the area and the finger had been removed
Term
Respiratory acidosis
Definition
A result of a buildup of carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Term
Tetany
Definition
An abnormal condition causing muscle spasms or contractions
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